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Table 1 Toxidromes

From: Management of the critically poisoned patient

Toxidrome

Site of Action

Signs and symptoms

Opioid

opioid receptor

sedation, miosis, decreased bowel sounds, decreased respirations

Anticholinergic

muscurinic acetylcholine receptors

altered mental status, sedation, hallucinations, mydriasis, dry skin, dry mucous membranes, decreased bowel sounds and urinary retention

Sedative-hypnotic

gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors

sedation, normal pupils, decreased respirations

Sympathomimetic

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

agitation, mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, diaphoresis

Cholinergic

nicotinic and muscurinic acetylcholine receptors

altered mental status, seizures, miosis, lacrimation, diaphoresis, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia

Serotonin syndrome

serotonin receptors

altered mental status, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia

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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241