Table 2 Study characteristics included in systematic review
From: The accuracy of medical dispatch - a systematic review
First author (year of publication) | Design | GRADE Rating | Area and/or Country of publication | Population | Number of patients/incidents | Dispatching system category | Additional information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clawson J. J. et al. (2016) [25]. | Retrospective descriptive | Very low | Salt Lake City, USA | EMD identified strokes | 4712 hospital confirmed strokes | Medical Priority Dispatch System | Final inhospital diagnosis as stroke was reference |
Dami F. et al. (2017) [22]. | Retrospective observational | Very low | Region of Vaud, Switzerland | Identification of acute stroke, onset within 5 h | 427 patients | Criteria Based Dispatch | Final inhospital diagnosis as stroke was reference |
Malekzadeh J. et al. (2015) [24]. | “Quasi empirical design” | Moderate | Mashhad, Iran | Suspected stroke among callers | 246 patients | CPSS vs. “Regional system” | Final inhospital diagnosis as stroke was reference |
Krebes S. et al. (2012) [26]. | Retrospective observational | Low | Berlin, Germany | Emergency calls due to stroke | 207 patients | MPDS with a new developed algorithm | Final inhospital diagnosis as stroke was reference |
Viereck S. et al. (2016) [23]. | Retrospective observational | Very low | EMS Copenhagen | Emergency calls due to stroke | 2653 patients | Criteria Based Dispatch | Final inhospital diagnosis as stroke/TIA was reference |
Deakin C. D. et al. (2017) [17]. | Retrospective observational | Very low | United Kingdom | Emergency calls due to CA, adult | 469,400/8830 emergency calls, adult | NHS Pathways | Using ambulance crew’s decision as reference |
Moller T. P. et al. (2016) [18]. | Retrospective observational | Very low | Denmark and Sweden | Patients from national cardiac arrest registers and connected emergency calls | 776 patients from Denmark and 346 from Sweden | Criteria Based Dispatch | The information from the ambulance crew (cardiac arrest register) was reference |
Fukushima H. et al. (2015) [19]. | Before/after comparison | Very low | Japan | Patients from national cardiac arrest register and connected emergency calls | 478 patients (before) and 427 (after) | “Regional system” | The information from the ambulance crew (cardiac arrest register) was reference |
Tanaka Y. et al. (2014) [20]. | Prospective observational | Very low | Japan | Emergency calls due to CA and connected ambulance records | 2747 emergency calls with dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempt | “Regional system” | The information from the fire department crew (cardiac arrest register) was reference |
Vaillancourt C. et al. (2015) [16]. | Retrospective observational | Very low | Canada | Emergency calls due to CA | 2260/1536 emergency calls | DPCI | The information from the ambulance crew (cardiac arrest register) was reference |
Gellerstedt M. et al. (2016) [21]. | Retrospective observational | Low | Vätragötland, Sweden | Emergency calls due to chest pain | 2285 consecutive patients dialed 112 with chest pain | Criteria Based Dispatch | Inhospital diagnosis as acute coronary syndrome was reference |
Giannakopoulos G. F. et al. (2012) [15]. | Retrospective | Very low | Netherlands | Trauma-related dispatch | 420 trauma patients | Based on MOI | Identification of major trauma due to definitions |
Wilmer I. et al. (2015) [27]. | Retrospective observational | Low | London’s Air Ambulance | Major trauma | 2203 helicopter activations | Closest to CBD, but there is no formal protocol | Identification of patients with serious injury due to definitions |
Ball S. J. et al. (2016) [28]. | Retrospective observational | Low | Australia, Perth Western Australia | Consecutive cases of ambulance dispatch | 211,473 consecutive cases of ambualnce dispatch, “whole of population study” | Medical Priority Dispatch System | Time critical condition by paramedic-determined patient condition at the time of departing the scene was used as reference |
Dami F. et al. (2015) [13]. | Retrospective observational | Very low | Switzerland | Primary missions | 29,008 ambulance missions | Criteria Based Dispatch | The severity of cases assessed by paramedics on site using the NACA-score was reference |
Ek B. et al. (2013) [29]. | Retrospective | Very low | Jämtland, Sweden | Consecutive cases of medical dispatch | 4835 ambulance dispatches | Criteria Based Dispatch | METTS-A according to ambulance was reference |
Leopardi M. and Sommacampagna M (2013) [30]. | Retrospective observational | Very low | Italy | Emergency calls | 53,606 emergency calls | “Regional system” | The sensitivity of subjective experience-based nurse dispatch in detecting the need for phycisian interventions |
Moser A. et al. (2017) [14]. | Before/after comparison | Very low | Switzerland | Emergency calls and connected ambulance records | 27,886 (before) and 38,748(after) | Criteria Based Dispatch | Severity of cases assessed by paramedics on site using the NACA-score was used as reference |