Table 2 Patient characteristics grouped according to the Numeric-Rating-Scale at the end of the emergency operations

Variable

Overall

(n = 830) [n(%)]

Nalbuphine + Paracetamol

(n = 796)

[n(%)]

Morphine

(n = 34)

[n(%)]

Overall

(n = 648)

[n(%)]

Nalbuphine + Paracetamol

(n = 576)

[n(%)]

Morphine

(n = 72)

[n(%)]

Overall

(n = 330)

[n(%)]

Nalbuphine + Paracetamol

(n = 263)

[n(%)]

Morphine

(n = 67)

[n(%)]

Age in years [mean ± SD]

55.7 ± 21.3

55.4 ± 21.

59.3 ± 22.7

55.5 ± 22.0

55.1 ± 22.7

59.4 ± 20.2

55.8 ± 20.5

55.1 ± 20.7

58.6 ± 19.4

Female sex

435 (52.4)

414 (52.0)

21 (61.7)

354 (54.6)

320 (55.6)

34 (47.2)

172 (52.1)

143 (54.4)

29 (43.3)

Initial NRS

 Mean ± SD

7.8 ± 1.5

7.8 ± 1.5

7.8 ± 1.2

8.0 ± 1.3

7.9 ± 1.3

8.4 ± 1.1

8.6 ± 1.1

8.5 ± 1.2

9.1 ± 0.9

 Median (Q1; Q3)

8.0 (7.0; 9.0)

8.0 (7.0; 9.0)

8.0 (7.0; 8.0)

8.0 (7.0; 9.0)

8.0 (8.0; 10.0)

8.0 (8.0; 9.0)

9.0 (8.0; 10.0)

8.0 (8.0; 10.0)

9.0 (8.0; 10.0)

NRS at the end of the operation

 Mean ± SD

2.1 ± 1.0

2.1 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 0.7

4.4 ± 0.5

4.4 ± 0.5

4.5 ± 0.5

7.1 ± 1.2

7.1 ± 1.2

7.1 ± 1.2

 Median (Q1; Q3)

2.0 (2.0; 3.0)

2.0 (2.0; 3.0)

3.0 (2.0; 3.0)

4.0 (4.0; 5.0)

4.0 (4.0; 5.0)

4.0 (4.0; 5.0)

7.0 (6.0; 8.0)

7.0 (6.0; 8.0)

7.0 (6.0; 8.00

NRS reduction

 Mean ± SD

5.7 ± 1.9

5.7 ± 1.9

5.3 ± 1.3

3.6 ± 1.4

3.5 ± 1.4

3.9 ± 1.1

1.5 ± 1.4

1.4 ± 1.4

2.0 ± 1.0

 Median (Q1; Q3)

6.0 (4.0; 7.0)

6.0 (4.0; 7.0)

6.0 (5.0; 6.0)

4.0 (3.0; 4.0)

4.0 (3.0; 4.0)

4.0 (3.0; 5.0)

2.0 (0.0; 2.0)

1.0 (0.0; 2.0)

2.0 (1.0; 3.0)

Dose of pain medication in mg (∑)

 Nalbuphine in mg

8.7 ± 8.2

8.7 ± 8.2

-

7.7 ± 8.3

7.7 ± 8.3

-

6.9 ± 9.0

6.9 ± 9.0

-

 Paracetamol in mg

991.2 ± 83.3

991.2 ± 83.3

-

988.5 ± 89.4

988.5 ± 89.4

-

992.8 ± 82.8

992.8 ± 82.8

-

 Morphine in mg

3.6 ± 2.1

-

3.6 ± 2.1

4.2 ± 1.8

-

4.2 ± 1.8

5.4 ± 2.6

-

5.4 ± 2.6

Complications

 Nausea and vomiting

19 (2.3)

17 (2.1)

2 (5.9)

11 (1.7)

11 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

11 (3.3)

7 (2.7)

4 (6.0)

 Reduction of vigilance

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.3)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.5)

 Respiratory insufficiency

1 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.5)

 Haemodynamic insufficiency

1 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Cause of pain

 Traumatic

345 (41.6)

337 (42.3)

8 (23.5)

276 (42.6)

264 (45.8)

12 (16.7)

138 (41.8)

109 (41.4)

29 (43.3)

Non-traumatic

 Musculosceletal

152 (18.3%)

151 (19.0%)

1 (2.9)

128 (19.7)

123 (21.3)

5 (6.9)

60 (18.2)

53 (20.1)

7 (10.4)

 Visceral

303 (36.5)

290 (36.4)

13 (38.2)

210 (32.4)

175 (30.4)

35 (48.6)

107 (32.4)

88 (33.5)

19 (28.4)

 Non-traumatic chest pain

9 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

9 (26.5)

11 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

11 (15.3)

5 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

5 (7.5)

 Cephalgia

15 (1.8)

15 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

16 (2.5)

13 (2.3)

3 (4.2)

11 (3.3)

10 (3.8)

1 (1.5)

 Others

6 (0.7)

3 (0.4)

3 (8.8)

7 (1.1)

1 (0.2)

6 (8.3)

9 (2.7)

3 (1.1)

6 (9.0)