Table 4 Pre- and post-traumatic Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) with patient-related factors. Patients with complete EQ-5D data sets, n= 325. Statistical testing was done between group differences for pre-injury and post-injury variables, and between pre-injury and post-injury values (change)

Age

p-value

p-value

p-value

 18-24

28

9 %

0.944 (0.0851)

0.042*

0.839 (0.204)

0.37*

-0.105 (0.173)

0.51*

 25-34

37

11 %

0.911(0.137)

0.763 (0.249)

-0.148 (0.256)

 35-44

29

9 %

0.900 (0.125)

0.818 (0.175)

-0.0821 (0.138)

 45-54

56

17 %

0.886 (0.191)

0.778 (0.201)

-0.107 (0.180)

 55-64

72

22 %

0.836 (0.200)

0.753 (0.248)

-0.0824 (0.240)

 65-74

69

21 %

0.906 (0.184)

0.721 (0.273)

-0.185 (0.292)

 > 75

34

11 %

0.860 (0.199)

0.749 (0.172)

-0.110 (0.208)

Sex, female

102

31 %

0.846 (0.197)

<0.001**

0.752 (0.236)

0.50**

-0.0934 (0.249)

0.19**

Sex, male

223

69 %

0.904 (0.164)

0.770 (0.229)

-0.133 (0.222)

ASA^a 1-2

220

68 %

0.928 (0.126)

<0.001**

0.803 (0.210)

<0.001**

-0.125 (0.210)

0.87**

ASA^a 3-4

105

32 %

0.797 (0.229)

0.685 (0.253)

-0.112 (0.272)

ICU Days mean (SD)

3.5 (5.1)

-0.068 ***

0.21

-0.20 ***

<0.001

-0.20 ***

<0.001

Level of education

 Low

84

26 %

0.896 (0.161)

0.52*

0.739 (0.206)

0.054*

-0.157 (0.231)

0.022*

 Middle

154

47 %

0.873 (0.187)

0.754 (0.251)

-0.119 (0.243)

 High

87

27 %

0.898 (0.172)

0.809 (0.211)

-0.0897 (0.206)

Social economic group

 Unemployed

29

9 %

0.826 (0.207)

<0.001*

0.719 (0.259)

<0.001*

-0.108 (0.269)

0.23*

 Pensioners

126

39 %

0.847 (0.210)

0.701 0.248)

-0.146 (0.273)

 Students

13

4 %

0.905 (0.109)

0.784 (0.155)

-0.121 (0.130)

 Manual workers, lower-level employees and self-employed

73

22 %

0.933 (0.120)

0.806 (0.184)

-0.127 (0.183)

 Upper-level employees with administrative, managerial, professional, and related occupations

84

26 %

0.920 (0.142)

0.838 (0.214)

-0.0827 (0.195)