Table 1 Patient demographics and characteristics

Sex, % Male (n)

64.7% (363)

65.6% (55.5, 74.5)

64.5% (60.1, 68.7)

0.91

Age, Median (IQR)*

48.0 (32.0, 64.0)

41.0 (28.0, 57.0)

49.0 (33.0, 66.0)

0.002

Age ≥ 89 years old, % (n)

2.1% (12)

0% (0, 3.2)

2.6% (1.5–4.4)

0.23

Race, % (n)

American Indian

0.7% (4)

0% (0-3.2)

0.9% (0.3–2.2)

Asian

1.3% (7)

2.2% (0.6–7.8)

1.1% (0.5–2.5)

Black or African American

4.3% (24)

5.4% (2.3–12.0)

4.1% (2.6–6.3)

0.73

Other/Unknown

17.3% (97)

16.1% (10.0-24.9)

17.5% (14.4–21.2)

White

76.5% (429)

76.3% (66.8–83.8)

76.5% (72.5–80.1)

Hispanic, % (n)

8.2% (46)

10.8% (6.0-18.7)

7.7% (5.6–10.5)

0.55

Cause of Injury, % (n)

MCC/MVC

48.8% (274)

48.4% (38.5–58.4)

48.9% (44.4–53.5)

Fall

26.6% (149)

17.2% (10.9–26.1)

28.4% (24.5–32.7)

0.01

Other/Unknown

21.4% (120)

25.8% (18.0-35.5)

20.5% (17.1–24.4)

Assault

1.8% (10)

4.3% (0.6–2.8)

1.3% (1.7–10.5)

Gunshot Wound

1.4% (8)

4.3% (1.7–10.5)

0.9% (0.3–2.2)

Comorbidities, % (n)

Smoker

21.9% (123)

22.6% (15.3–32.1)

21.8% (18.3–25.8)

0.87

Hypertension

21.3% (120)

14.0% (8.4–22.5)

22.9% (19.3–26.9)

0.07

Alcoholism

9.1% (51)

14.0% (8.4–22.5)

8.1% (6.0–11.0)

0.07

Diabetes

7.5% (42)

2.2% (0.6–7.6)

8.6% (6.3–11.4)

0.03

Peripheral Artery Disease

0.7% (4)

1.1% (0.2–5.8)

0.6% (0.2–1.9)

0.52

Myocardial Infarction

0.4% (2)

2.2% (0.6–7.6)

0% (0-0.6)

0.03

Injury Severity Scale, Median (IQR)

17.0 (10.0, 26.0)

21.0 (13.0, 29.0)

17.0 (9.0, 25.0)

0.003

Pre-injury Anticoagulants, % (CI)

4.1% (23)

1.1% (0.2–5.8)

4.7% (3.1-7.0)

0.15

Pre-injury Antiplatelets, % (CI)

8.7% (49)

4.3% (1.7–10.5)

9.6% (7.3–12.6)

0.31