Table 2 Factors associated with intubation among hospitalized children due to drowning in Thailand during 2015–2019
Factors | Intubation | Crude OR | 95%CI | p-value | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 1,415) | No (n = 3,496) | |||||||
Age group (years) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
<6 | 739 (52.2) | 2,149 (61.5) | 1 | - | 1 | - | ||
6-<12 | 450 (31.8) | 805 (23.0) | 1.65 | 1.42–1.90 | 1.5 | 1.20–1.89 | ||
12-<18 | 226 (16.0) | 542 (15.5) | 1.22 | 1.02–1.46 | 1.52 | 1.15–2.01 | ||
Region | 0.002 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Central | 383 (27.1) | 1,129 (32.3) | 1 | - | 1 | - | ||
Bangkok | 67 (4.7) | 166 (4.8) | 1.19 | 0.87–1.62 | 1.28 | 0.86–1.93 | ||
Northeast | 492 (34.8) | 1,039 (29.7) | 1.40 | 1.19–1.64 | 1.50 | 1.24–1.82 | ||
North | 163 (11.5) | 389 (11.1) | 1.24 | 0.99–1.54 | 1.52 | 1.17–1.99 | ||
South | 310 (21.9) | 773 (22.1) | 1.18 | 0.99–1.41 | 1.21 | 0.97–1.50 | ||
Hospital level | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Primary | 26 (1.8) | 248 (7.1) | 1 | - | 1 | - | ||
Secondary | 517 (36.6) | 2,344 (67.0) | 2.01 | 1.34–3.01 | 2.31 | 1.46–3.67 | ||
Tertiary | 858 (60.6) | 789 (22.6) | 9.73 | 6.50-14.56 | 9.55 | 6.02–15.15 | ||
Private | 14 (1.0) | 115 (3.3) | 1.21 | 0.63–2.35 | 1.38 | 0.60–3.15 | ||
Co-diagnosis | ||||||||
Pneumonitis | 493 (34.8) | 713 (20.4) | 2.1 | 1.84–2.41 | < 0.001 | 1.87 | 1.58–2.21 | < 0.001 |
Hypokalemia | 423 (29.9) | 238 (6.8) | 5.73 | 4.83–6.81 | < 0.001 | 4.14 | 3.36–5.10 | < 0.001 |
Metabolic acidosis | 320 (22.6) | 78 (2.2) | 12.42 | 9.65–15.98 | < 0.001 | 9.74 | 7.14–13.29 | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary edema | 147 (10.4) | 56 (1.6) | 6.61 | 4.87–8.98 | < 0.001 | 5.82 | 3.92–8.65 | < 0.001 |