Table 1 Interpretation of the ATLS shock classification of hypovolemic shock by Mutschler and colleagues using modifications and numeric interpretations [1, 2, 6].
Class I | Class II | Class III | Class IV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood loss in % | < 15 | 15–30 | 30–40 | > 40 |
Mental status | GCS = 15 (Slightly anxious or normal) | GCS = 15 (Mildly anxious) | GCS 12–14 (Anxious/confused) | GCS < 12 (Confused/lethargic) |
Heart rate | < 100 | 100–120 | 120–140 | > 140 |
Systolic blood pressure | ≥ 110 (Normal) | ≥ 100 (Normal) | < 100 (Decreased) | < 90 (Decreased) |
Base deficit | ≤ 2.0 | > 2.0–6.0 | > 6.0–10.0 | > 10.0 |