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Table 2 Primary care for and outcomes of traumatic cardiac arrest

From: Trauma center vs. nearest non-trauma center: direct transport or bypass approach for out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest

Variables

All patients n = 557

Group

p-value

Non-TC  = 367

Cross-region TC n = 118

TC n = 72

Response time median,(IQR)(min)

6 (4–7)

6 (4–7)

6 (4–8)

6 (4–8)

0.826

Scene time interval median,(IQR) (min)

13 (10–18)

13 (10–18)

15 (11–21)

12 (10–17)

0.012

Transport time median,(IQR) (min)

6 (4–10)

5 (4–8)

12 (9–17)

5 (3–8)

 < 0.001

Hospital distance median,(IQR) (km)

3.0 (1.6–5.9)

2.3 (1.5–4.0)

8.1 (6.58–10.1)

2.0 (1.2–3.1)

 < 0.001

Distance ratio(a)

1.0 (1.0–1.2)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

1.7 (1.27–2.5)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

 < 0.001

Bystander CPR/AED

137 (24.6)

90 (24.5)

30 (25.4)

17 (23.6)

0.960

Rhythm

    

0.008

Non-shockable

553 (99.3)

367 (100.0)

116 (98.3)

70 (97.2)

 

Shockable

4 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.7)

2 (2.8)

 

Prehospital airway management

    

 < 0.001

BVM

520 (93.4)

359 (97.8)

107 (90.7)

54 (75.0)

 

LMA/Intubation

37 (6.6)

8 (2.2)

11 (9.3)

18 (25.0)

 

Other procedures

Neck collar

482 (86.5)

321 (87.5)

103 (87.3)

58 (80.6)

0.281

Chest tube

79 (14.2)

16 (4.4)

41 (34.7)

22 (30.6)

 < 0.001

In-hospital emergency special procedures

17 (3.1)

1 (0.3)

10 (8.5)

6 (8.3)

 < 0.001

DC shock

31 (5.6)

19 (5.2)

7 (5.9)

5 (6.9)

0.734

Administration of Epinephrine

88 (15.8)

55 (15.0)

29 (24.6)

4 (5.6)

0.002

IV

142 (25.5)

80 (21.8)

53 (44.9)

9 (12.5)

 < 0.001

ROSC

102 (18.3)

44 (12.0)

36 (30.5)

22 (30.6)

 < 0.001

24-h Survival

53 (9.5)

25 (6.8)

14 (11.9)

14 (19.4)

0.002

Survival to admission

    

 < 0.001

Death

479 (86.0)

332 (90.5)

96 (81.4)

51 (70.8)

 

ICU

78 (14.0)

35 (9.5)

22 (18.6)

21 (29.2)

 

30-day survival

16 (2.9)

4 (1.1)

5 (4.2)

7 (9.7)

 < 0.001

CPC level at discharge

    

0.009

1

4 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.7)

2 (2.8)

 

2

1 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

 

3

3 (0.5)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.8)

1 (1.4)

 

4

2 (0.4)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

 

5

547 (98.2)

365 (99.5)

113 (95.8)

69 (95.8)

 
  1. Abbreviations: TC, Trauma Center; CPR, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; AED, Automated External Defibrillator; BVM, Bag-Valve-Mask; LMA, Laryngeal Mask Airway; ROSC, Return of Spontaneous Circulation; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; CPC, Cerebral Performance Category. (a)Ratio of the distance of a trauma center to that of the nearest hospital
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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241