Table 1 Resuscitative interventions utilised at London’s Air Ambulance for shocked trauma patients

Hypovolaemia

Volume replacement with blood products

Tension pneumothorax

Surgical thoracostomy

Cardiac tamponade

Preparation of the potential need for resuscitative thoracotomy (RT).

Subdiaphragmatic haemorrhage

Aortic occlusion with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) or RT

Massive haemothorax

Volume replacement or RT if indicated