Table 1 Clinical attributes for patients with and without NIV
Attribute | Value | NIV (n = 333) | No NIV (n = 659) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Decision tree model and logistic regression | ||||
Auscultation | obstruction/gasping/apnea bronchial spasm rhonchus other normal | 2% 47% 4% 1% 47% | 13% 1% 7% 4% 76% | < 0.01* < 0.01* 0.1 < 0.01* < 0.01* |
Head injury | none/mild moderate/severe | 24%/6% 23%/47% | 38%/4% 12%/45% | < 0.01*/0.2 < 0.01*/0.5 |
Age | years | 52 [50–54] | 57 [55–60] | < 0.01* |
Heart rate | /min | 90.1 [87.9–92.2] | 89.2 [87.1–91.4] | 0.5 |
Respiratory rate | /min | 15 [15 to 15] | 14 [12 to 18] | < 0.01* |
Oxygen saturation | % | 93.4 [92.7–94.1] | 94.7 [93.9–95.5] | < 0.01* |
Logistic regression only | ||||
Face injury | none/mild moderate/severe | 76%/7% 13%/4% | 74%/5% 11%/ 9% | 0.6/0.3 0.4/<0.01* |
Cervical spine injury | none/mild moderate/severe | 94%/1% 4%/1% | 87%/3% 5%/4% | < 0.01*/0.1 0.5/<0.01* |
Thoracic/lumbar spine injury | none/mild moderate/severe | 92%/1% 3%/4% | 88%/2% 6%/4% | 0.04*/0.4 0.03*/0.8 |
Thoracic injury | none/mild moderate/severe | 68%/2% 12%/18% | 69%/2% 10%/18% | 0.7/0.9 0.4/0.8 |
Abdominal injury | none/mild moderate/severe | 85%/1% 3%/11% | 85%/1% 5%/8% | 0.9/0.5 0.2/0.3 |
Pelvic injury | none/mild moderate/severe | 84%/2% 3%/12% | 83%/2% 6%/10% | 0.6/0.8 0.06/0.4 |
Injury of the soft parts | none/mild moderate/severe | 90%/5% 4%/1% | 88%/3% 4%/5% | 0.3/0.2 0.9/<0.01* |
PES | (1–4) | 2 (1 to 2) | 2 (1 to 2) | 0.02* |
GCS | 15 (13 to 15) | 15 (14 to 15) | 0.08 | |
Heart rate | /min | 90.1 [87.9–92.2] | 89.2 [87.1–91.4] | 0.5 |
Systolic blood pressure | mmHg | 138 [135–141] | 137 [134–140] | 0.6 |
Pain level | 0 (no pain) − 10 | 4 (0 to 7) | 5 (2 to 8) | < 0.01* |
Shock index | 0.68 [0.65–0.71] | 0.7 [0.67–0.73] | 0.3 | |