Table 1 Study population characteristics and reference group
Test Statistic | Enrolled patients: Eligible Study Population (VHA Performed) (n = 114) | ** Reference data for trauma admissions: (All Major Trauma Calls in study window with ISS > 12) (n = 1753) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Age (mean, SD) | 45.3 (19.5) | 53.7 (22.9) | < 0.0001 |
Male (n/%) | 83 (72.8%) | 1293 (73.8%) | N/A | |
Female (n/%) | 31 (27.2%) | 460 (26.2%) | ||
Non-Binary/Other (n/%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Transfusion | PRBC at 24 h (mean, SD) | 4.3 units (SD 5.0) | 0.73 units (SD 3.0) | < 0.0001 |
> 1unit PRBC received | ED or pre-hospital (n/%) | 104 (91.2%) | N/A | N/A |
Vitals | Systolic BP (mmHg) (mean, SD) | 114.3 (27.1) | 131.0 (28.1) | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) (mean, SD) | 73.5 (22) | 77.2 (16.9) | 0.029 | |
***Heart rate (bpm) (mean, SD) | 101.8 (24.4) | 85.4 (22.0) | < 0.0001 | |
Respiratory rate (mean, SD) | 18.9 (5.6) | 18.4 (4.5) | 0.26 | |
Mortality | In-hospital mortality (n/%) | 8 (7.0%) | 109 (6.2%) | 0.39 |
Injury | *ISS (mean, SD) | 19.7 (11.3) | 17.4 (8.2) | 0.0067 |
Mechanism | Blunt (n/%) | 91 (79.8%) | 1644 (93.8%) | N/A |
Penetrating (n/%) | 23 (20.2%) | 109 (6.2%) | ||
Laboratory Results | Haemoglobin (mean, SD) | 130.1 (22.5) | N/A | N/A |
pH (mean, SD) | 7.31 (0.1) | N/A | N/A | |
Base excess (mean, SD) | -3.4 (5.0) | -3.4 (4.9) | 0.96 | |
Lactate (mmol/L) (mean, SD) | 3.5 (3.9) | 3.3 (4.2) | 0.70 | |
PT (seconds) (mean, SD) | 15.4 (3.3) | N/A | N/A | |
APTT (seconds) (mean, SD) | 31.6 (10.8) | N/A | N/A | |
International Normalised Ratio (INR) ≥1.2 (n%)[26] | 43 (37.8%) | 257 (27.7%) | 0.023 | |
International Normalised Ratio (INR) ≥1.5 (n%) | 11 (9.6%) | 76 (6.4%) | 0.19 | |
Fibrinogen | 2.5 (0.9) | N/A | N/A | |
Platelets (mean, SD) | 228 (149.9) | N/A | N/A |