Association of central capillary refill time with mortality in adult trauma patients: a secondary analysis of the crash-2 randomised controlled trial data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients

	Total n = 19,054		Survived n = 16,252		Death n = 2801		p value
Age (years)	31	[24; 43]	30	[23; 42]	35	[25; 48]	< 0.001
16–40 years	13,716	[72.0]	11,929	[73.4]	1,787	[63.8]
41–65 years	4,575	[24.0]	3,785	[23.3]	790	[28.2]
66–80 years	674	[3.5]	489	[3.0]	185	[6.6]
> 80 years	89	[0.5]	49	[0.3]	40	[1.4]	< 0.001
Gender
Male	16,000	[84.0]	13,656	[84.0]	2,344	[83.7]
Female	3,054	[16.0]	2,596	[16.0]	458	[16.3]	0.620
Type of injury
Blunt	10,562	[55.4]	8,794	[54.1]	1,768	[63.1]
Penetrating	6,179	[32.4]	5,567	[34.3]	612	[21.8]
Combined	2,313	[12.1]	1,891	[11.6]	422	[15.1]	< 0.001
Vital parameters
SBP (mmHg)	96	[80; 110]	100	[86; 111]	90	[70; 100]	< 0.001
HR (per minute)	105	[90; 120]	102	[90; 118]	110	[96; 126]	< 0.001
RR (per minute)	22	[20; 26]	22	[20; 26]	24	[20; 30]	< 0.001
Shock	3,077	[16.1]	2,242	[13.8]	835	[29.8]	< 0.001
CRT groups
0–2s	6756	[35.5]	6069	[37.3]	687	[24.5]
> 2–4s	9142	[48.0]	7772	[47.8]	1,370	[48.9]
> 4s	3156	[16.6]	2411	[14.8]	745	[26.6]	< 0.001
28-day mortality
Survived	16,252	[85.3]	16,252	[100.0]	0	[0.0]
Dead	2,802	[14.7]	0	[0.0]	2,802	[100.0]	< 0.001
Cause of death
Bleed	902	[4.7]	n.a		902	[32.2]
Head injury	1,154	[6.1]	n.a		1,154	[41.2]
VTE	80	[0.4]	n.a		80	[2.9]
Other	666	[3.5]	n.a		666	[23.8]	< 0.001
Secondary outcomes
Transfusion	9,534	[50.0]	7,702	[47.4]	1,832	[65.4]	< 0.001
Surgery	9,580	[50.3]	8,139	[50.1]	1,441	[51.4]	0.188
VTE	334	[1.8]	193	[1.2]	141	[5.0]	< 0.001

CRT central capillary refill time, HR heart rate, N absolute count, RR respiratory rate, s seconds, SBP systolic blood pressure, Surgery: need for surgical intervention, VTE thromboembolic event

ISSN: 1757-7241