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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, physiological parameters and clinical interventions of patients with concurrent IBP and NIBP measurements, stratified by aetiology of brain injury (n = 209)

From: Diagnostic accuracy of pre-hospital invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring for haemodynamic management in traumatic brain injury and spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage

Variables

Overall

(n=209)

TBI

(n=159)

sICH

(n=50)

p-value

Demographics

 Age, median [IQR]

51.2 [40–68]

57 [34–69]

45 [41–55]

0.403

 Sex, male [n, %]

185 [77.1]

125 [79.0]

60 [76.0]

0.536

 Estimated weight, mean [SD]

76.2 [15.2]

75.3 [15.4]

79.0 [14.4]

0.119

Baseline Physiological parameters at presentation

 Presenting GCS, median [IQR]

6 [4–8]

6 [3–9]

6 [4–8]

0.12

 HR, median [IQR]

93 [79–106]

93 [80–106]

95 [75–111]

0.426

 SpO2, median [IQR]

99 [97–100]

99 [97–100]

98 [95–100]

<0.018*

 SBP, median [IQR]

128 [112–150]

130 [113–152]

120 [101–139]

<0.001***

 iSBP, median [IQR]

135 [113–159]

138 [118–162]

120 [104–142]

<0.001***

 DBP, median [IQR]

83 [72–96]

84 [74–96]

79 [65–93]

0.036*

 iDBP, median [IQR]

75 [65–88]

76 [66–89]

73 [62–85]

0.002**

 MAP, median [IQR]

98 [86–113]

99 [88–114]

93 [78–110]

0.005**

 iMAP, median [IQR]

96 [83–114]

99 [85–117]

89 [76–103]

<0.001***

 EtCO2, median [IQR]

4.3 [3.9–4.8]

4.3 [3.9–4.7]

4.7 [4.0–5.2]

<0.001***

Catheterisation Timing

 Pre-PHEA [n, %]

153/198 [77.3]

116/156 [74.4]

37/42 [88.1]

0.059

 Missing data

19 [0.2]

13 [.06]

6 [.14]

 

Catheterisation Site

 Radial [n, %]

154 [73.3]

113 [75.3]

41 [91.1]

<0.001***

 Brachial [n, %]

4 [1.9]

3 [2.0]

1 [2.2]

 Femoral [n, %]

8 [3.8]

5 [3.3]

3 [6.7]

 Missing data

43 [20.5]

38 [23.8]

5 [10]

Catheterisation Device

   

0.200

 Flow switch [n, %]

148 [70.8]

116 [73.0]

32 [64.0]

 

 Leadercath Vygon [n, %]

52 [24.9]

35 [22.0]

17 [34.0]

 

 5 FR Ultimum [n, %]

2 [1.0]

1 [0.6]

1 [2.0]

 

 Missing data

7 [4.4]

0 [0]

0 [0]

 

Attempts

   

0.920

 1 [n, %]

161 [80.5]

120 [80.0]

41 [82.0]

 

 2 [n, %]

34 [17.0]

26 [17.3]

8 [16.0]

 

 3 [n, %]

5 [2.5]

4 [2.7]

1 [2.0]

 

 Missing data

9 [4.3]

0 [0]

0 [0]

 

HEMS Interventions

 PHEA [n, %]

198 [94.7]

156 [98.1]

42 [84.0]

<0.001***

 Blood component transfusiona, [n, %]

12 [5.8]

12 [7.6]

0 [0.0]

0.048*

 Vasopressor use [n, %]

73 [44.5]

58 [36.5]

15 [62.5]

0.015*

Conveyance

   

0.557

 Aircraft [n, %]

89 [42.6]

70 [44.0]

19 [38.0]

 

 Ground EMS [n, %]

120 [57.4]

89 [56.0]

31 [62.0]

 
  1. GCS Glasgow Coma Score; HR heart rate; SpO2 oxygen saturation; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; EtCO2 End-tidal CO2.; MAP mean arterial pressure; IQR interquartile range; PHEA pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia; EMS emergency medical service
  2. ablood component transfused was fresh-frozen or freeze-dried plasma. Statistical significance is denoted by *** for p < 0.001, ** for p < 0.01, *for p < 0.05
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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241