SJTREM is the official publication of the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation
Articles
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Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:41
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Global, regional, and national assessment of foreign body aspiration (1990–2021): novel insights into incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years
Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a preventable yet underrecognized global health challenge, contributing to substantial clinical and economic burdens. Comprehensive and comparable analyses of FBA trends across...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:40 -
Pediatric trauma over a decade: demographics, mechanisms of injury, and mortality at a major Danish trauma center—a retrospective cohort study
In recent decades, the number of fatal accidents among children and adolescents has declined. Nevertheless, trauma remains a significant cause of death among children and adolescents in high-income countries, ...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:39 -
Awareness strategies and the physiological impact of pain in prehospital analgesia management
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:38 -
Correction: Factors affecting communication time in an emergency medical communication centers
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:37 -
Using the properties of the odds ratio to improve precision in meta-analysis: an update on the benefits of targeted deployment of physician-led interprofessional pre-hospital teams on the care of critically ill and injured patients
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:36 -
Utilization of non-invasive ventilation before prehospital emergency anesthesia in trauma – a cohort analysis with machine learning
For preoxygenation, German guidelines consider non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as a possible method in prehospital trauma care in the absence of aspiration, severe head or face injuries, unconsciousness, or pat...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:35 -
Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors
Trauma is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in low and middle-income countries. While extensively studied in North America and Europe, data from the Asia-Pacific are limited. An important area of rese...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:34 -
Benefits of targeted deployment of physician-led interprofessional pre-hospital teams on the care of critically ill and injured patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:33 -
Determining the methodological rigor and overall quality of out-of-hospital clinical practice guidelines: a scoping review
Out-of-hospital clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) guide paramedics, emergency medical technicians and first responders, but their quality remains uncertain. This scoping review aims to identify, aggregate an...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:32 -
The revised Canadian Bleeding (CAN-BLEED) score for risk stratification of bleeding trauma patients: a mixed retrospective—prospective cohort study
Traumatic hemorrhage is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. There is considerable interest in risk stratification tools to aid with early activation of intervention pathways for bleeding patients. ...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:31 -
Critical interventions, diagnosis, and mortality in children treated by a physician-manned mobile emergency care unit
The purpose of this study was to clarify the potentially life-saving critical interventions performed on children below the age of seven by the physician-manned mobile emergency care unit (MECU) in Odense, Den...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:30 -
Trauma center vs. nearest non-trauma center: direct transport or bypass approach for out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest
Out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA), a sudden loss of heart function caused by severe trauma such as blunt, penetrating, or other injuries, presents significant public health challenges due to its h...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:29 -
Impact of a POCUS-first versus CT-first approach on emergency department length of stay and time to surgical consultation in patients with acute cholecystitis: a retrospective study
This study aims to evaluate the impact of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) and computed tomography (CT) on emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) and time to surgical consultation in patients with mild...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:28 -
Prognostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound in patients with pulseless electrical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The prognosis for pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is typically poor; however, patients with cardiac activity observed on point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) tend to have better outcomes compared to those with...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:27 -
Incidence and risk factors for delayed intracranial hemorrhage after mild brain injury in anticoagulated patients: a multicenter retrospective study
Anticoagulated patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and a negative cerebral CT on admission, commonly undergo a repeated CT scan after observation in the emergency department (ED) to detect delayed...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:26 -
ASA score is an independent predictor of 1-year outcome after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
This study aimed to investigate whether incorporating pre-injury health status, measured by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, improves outcome prediction models for moderate-to-severe trau...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:25 -
Balloon occlusion of the aorta during cardiac arrest -a death blow to the intestines?
The use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in non-traumatic cardiac arrest may result in worsened intestinal ischaemia. What are the consequences?
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:24 -
The use of strong analgesics for prehospital pain management in children in the region of Southern Denmark: a register-based study
Acute pain in the prehospital setting is frequent and prehospital pain management presents multiple challenges, especially in children. There is a lack of high-level evidence regarding prehospital pain managem...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:23 -
Pain assessment and management of adult patients in the Swedish EMS: a nationwide registry study
Pain is a frequent reason for contacting the Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and effective pain management constitutes one of its cornerstones. The aims of this study have been: (a) to describe the prevalenc...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:22 -
Implementation of prehospital point-of-care ultrasound using a novel continuous feedback approach in a UK helicopter emergency medical service
There has been increased use of prehospital point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) by helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in recent years. Lack of governance structure and evidence of benefit have been desc...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:21 -
Beyond life extension– is it time for ‘Emergency Last Aid’ training?
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:20 -
Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Swift reversal of oral anticoagulation is deemed essential for the outcome of patients with anticoagulation-related critical bleeding. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits and harms o...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:19 -
Point-of-care tests in the emergency medical services: a scoping review
This scoping review aimed to summarize existing research on point-of-care tests (POCTs) within emergency medical services (EMS). There is a lack of comprehensive reviews covering the breadth and scope of appli...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:18 -
An analysis of ambulance re-contacts after non-conveyance: a retrospective cohort study in the Netherlands
Non-conveyance is an increasing part of ambulance care and has to be safe. One of the indicators to measure safety is an ambulance re-contact within 72 h. However, solely measuring the percentage of re-contact...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:17 -
Experimental hypothermia by cold air: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
Accidental hypothermia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Research on treatment strategies for accidental hypothermia is complicated by the low incidence and heterogeneous patient population. We ...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:16 -
Key performance indicators in emergency department simulation: a scoping review
One way to measure emergency department (ED) performance is using key performance indicators (KPIs). Thus, identifying reliable KPIs can be critical in appraising ED performance. This study aims to introduce a...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:15 -
Circumstantial risk factors for death after intensive care unit-to-unit inter-hospital transfer—a Swedish registry study
Unit-to-unit transfer of critically ill patients infers hazards that may cause adverse events. Circumstantial factors associated with mortality after intensive care include days in the ICU, night-time or weeke...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:14 -
Identification of major trauma using the simplified abbreviated injury scale to estimate the injury severity score: a diagnostic accuracy and validation study
The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) grade the severity of injuries and are useful for trauma audit and benchmarking. However, AIS coding is complex and requires specifically trai...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:13 -
Significant room for improvement in the prehospital assessment and treatment of acute abdominal pain: a retrospective observational study
Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is a common reason for calling emergency medical services (EMS). Despite the widely acknowledged importance of effective prehospital pain management, described by patients as crucial...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:12 -
Improving preparedness for time critical prehospital care: a descriptive study of the first responder system in Central Norway
First responders exist in several countries and have been a prehospital emergency medical resource in Norwegian municipalities since 2010. However, the Norwegian system has not yet been studied. The aim of thi...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:11 -
Post-mission debriefs in helicopter emergency medicine services– introducing “The compassionate debrief”
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:10 -
Teaching triage in disaster medicine – same subject, but different approach
Disaster management is an inter-, intra-, and cross-disciplinary task in which different specialties partake. Triage is a crucial part of disaster education. A synchronized approach and mutual understanding of...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:9 -
Peripheral oxygen saturation levels as a guide to avoid hyperoxia: an observational study
As iatrogenic hyperoxia has been related to adverse outcomes in critically ill patients, guidelines advise to titrate oxygen to physiological levels. In the prehospital setting where partial arterial oxygen (PaO2
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:8 -
Definition and developmental goals for Nordic emergency medicine
Although Emergency Medicine is now globally an established specialty, the Nordic countries have been relatively slow to implement it into their health care systems. To facilitate the development of EM in the N...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:7 -
Factors affecting communication time in an emergency medical communication centers
Emergency Medical Communication Centres (EMCCs) play a crucial role in emergency care by ensuring timely responses through telephone triage. However, extended communication times can impede accessibility, pati...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:6 -
“They were sort of in the room with me”: a qualitative study about callers’ experience of video streaming during medical emergency calls
During the recent years, emergency services in several countries have integrated video streaming into medical emergency calls, and research on the topic has gained increased focus. Video streaming during medic...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:5 -
The development of a decision support tool in the prehospital setting for acute chest pain – a study protocol for an observational study (BRIAN2)
Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for contacting the emergency medical services (EMS). It is difficult for EMS personnel to distinguish between patients suffering from a high-risk condition in need ...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:4 -
Extrication following a motor vehicle collision: a consensus statement on behalf of The Faculty of Pre-hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death among young people globally, with motor vehicle collisions often resulting in severe injuries and entrapment. Traditional extrication techniques focus on limit...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:3 -
Benefits of targeted deployment of physician-led interprofessional pre-hospital teams on the care of critically Ill and injured patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Over the past three decades, more advanced pre-hospital systems have increasingly integrated physicians into targeted roles, forming interprofessional teams. These teams focus on providing early senior decisio...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:1 -
Correction: A regional modification to the Revised Swiss System for clinical staging of hypothermia including confusion
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2025 33:2 -
Pre-hospital management of traumatic cardiac arrest 2024 position statement: Faculty of Prehospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:139 -
Helicopter emergency medical services demonstrate reduced time to emergency anaesthesia in an undifferentiated trauma population: a retrospective observational analysis across three major trauma networks
Early rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia (RSI) and tracheal intubation for patients with airway or ventilatory compromise following major trauma is recommended, with guidance suggesting a 45-min timeframe...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:138 -
The use and impact of prehospital blood lactate measurements in acute non-traumatic patients: a systematic review
The prehospital use of blood lactate measurements is increasing. However, the test’s benefits have not been methodically evaluated in non-trauma patients. This study had three aims: (1) To assess the evidence ...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:137 -
The extent of physical and psychological workplace violence experienced by prehospital personnel in Denmark: a survey
Workplace violence against healthcare workers has been a well-known problem for more than 40 years. This problem is also relevant for prehospital personnel who are at risk of physical and/or psychological viol...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:136 -
Conventional versus task-based package organization for out-of-hospital emergency kits: an emergency medical services simulation study
Emergency Medical Service crews are equipped with comprehensive emergency kits for routine care and to provide life-saving interventions in severely ill patients. While guidelines on contents and packing strat...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:135 -
Pre-alerts from critical care ambulances to trauma centers: a quantitative survey of trauma team leaders in Ontario, Canada
Pre-alerts from paramedics to trauma centers are important for ensuring the highest quality of trauma care. Despite this, there is a paucity of data to support best practices in trauma pre-alert notifications....
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:134 -
Adherence to national trauma triage criteria in Norway: a cross-sectional study
Norwegian hospitals employed individual trauma triage criteria until 2015 when nationwide criteria were implemented. There is a lack of empirical evidence regarding adherence to Norwegian national criteria for...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:133 -
Methoxyflurane in early analgesic therapy by ski patrol members on Swiss ski slopes – an observational cohort study
Pain therapy is an important first-response measure in the pre-clinical care of trauma patients. Injured individuals on ski slopes are usually given first aid by members of the ski patrol. The early implementa...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:132 -
Methods and equipment available for prehospital treatment of accidental hypothermia: a survey of Norwegian prehospital services
Accidental hypothermia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and poses a significant challenge for both professional and volunteer rescue services in prehospital settings. This study investigate...
Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2024 32:131
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